黄超伯,游朝群,熊燃华,等.天然多糖在生物医用材料领域的应用研究进展[J].2021,(03):1-8.[doi:10.13360/j.issn.2096-1359.202008008]
HUANG Chaobo,YOU Chaoqun,XIONG Ranhua,et al.Research progress of natural polysaccharide in the application of biomedical materials[J].2021,(03):1-8.[doi:10.13360/j.issn.2096-1359.202008008]
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天然多糖在生物医用材料领域的应用研究进展
黄超伯1,游朝群1△,熊燃华1,2,王飞1

(1. 中比先进生物医学材料国际联合实验室,南京林业大学化学工程学院,南京 210037; 2. 根特大学药学院,根特B-9000,比利时)

天然多糖; 纤维素及其衍生物; 海藻酸钠; 生物医用材料; 高值化利用

Research progress of natural polysaccharide in the application of biomedical materials
HUANG Chaobo1, YOU Chaoqun1△, XIONG Ranhua1,2, WANG Fei1

(1. Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; 2. School of Pharmacy, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium)

natural polysaccharide; cellulose and derivative; sodium alginate; biomedical material; high value utilization

DOI: 10.13360/j.issn.2096-1359.202008008

备注

天然多糖是自然界中广泛存在的大分子聚合物,主要存在形式包括纤维素及其衍生物、海藻酸、琼脂糖、壳聚糖等。因其具有稳定性高、无毒、生物相容性好、可降解等优点,在生物医学领域的应用研究方面一直是一个热门课题。随着人们生活水平的提高及对环境保护意识的增强,人们在观念上也发生了重大转变,即由过去改造自然的观念逐渐向亲近自然的观念转变,这为天然多糖在生物医学领域的应用开发提供了广阔的前景。天然多糖能够跨领域解决如人工合成材料在体内的生物相容性欠佳等关键问题,可进一步实现天然高分子材料的增值增效。笔者主要以纤维素及其衍生物和海藻酸钠为例,综述了天然多糖在生物医用材料领域的传统应用及其在高值化利用方面的创新研究进展。首先介绍了天然多糖类在药物递送、组织工程、支架材料及伤口敷料等传统生物医学领域方面的研究进展; 其次重点介绍了通过学科交叉进一步拓展的应用领域,包括在细胞共培养、药品防伪编码、病毒检测及仿生自驱动4个方面的应用; 最后总结了天然多糖应用于生物医学材料方面的应用前景和面临的挑战,并提出天然多糖在生物医学材料应用研究的发展方向。

Natural polysaccharides are macromolecular polymers made from monosaccharides or oligosaccharides and widely exist in nature, mainly in the form of alginate, cellulose and its derivatives, agarose, chitosan, etc. Natural polysaccharides have advantages of good chemical stability, mechanical rigidity, hydrophilicity and biocompatibility, non-toxic and pollution-free, renewable and biodegradable, which can interact with the functional groups on the cell surfaces. Due to these previously mentioned advantages, the study of the application of natural polysaccharides in biomedical field has become a hot research topic. With the improvement of people's living conditions and the enhancement of their awareness of environmental protection, people have also undergone a major change in their concept, that is, from the concept of transforming nature in the past to the concept of getting close to nature, which provides a broad prospect for the application and development of natural polysaccharides in the field of biomedical science. Natural polysaccharides can solve key problems such as poor biocompatibility of synthetic materials in vivo, and moreover, a large number of studies have shown that natural polysaccharides such as chitosan and pectin do not degrade in human gastric juice and small intestine fluid, but can be degraded into monosaccharides or oligosaccharides by enzymes produced by microorganisms in colon(such as β-mannanase, pectinase, cellulase, etc.), so they can be used as materials for colonic positioning drug delivery system. The unique properties of natural polysaccharides can perfectly solve these technical bottlenecks, to further realize the increase in value and efficiency of natural polymer materials. Taking cellulose and its derivatives, and sodium alginate as examples, this paper mainly reviews the applications and the innovative research progress in high value utilization of natural polysaccharides in biomedical materials. Firstly, the research progress of common natural polysaccharides such as cellulose and its derivatives in traditional biomedical fields such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, scaffolds and wound dressings, is introduced. Secondly, it mainly introduces the application fields which are further expanded through interdisciplinary, including:(1)Preparation of multifunctional heterotropic materials with sodium alginate;(2)Design of micro/nano fiber system for HIV virus detection;(3)Utilization of chitosan for preparing degradable fiber membranes with high filtration efficiency and excellent antibacterial properties;(4)Design of artificial micro/nano motors for simulating the characteristic functions of these natural systems. Finally, the application prospect and challenges of natural polysaccharides in biomedical materials are summarized, and the development direction of natural polysaccharides in biomedical materials is pointed out.

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